Colloidal particles are the ideal building blocks for photonic crystals because their properties can be tuned by chemical modification [1] and their self-organization or crystallization into 3D periodic lattices can be manipulated by changing the interaction potentials between the particles and by using external fields. In this contribution we focus 1) on how large colloidal crystals with known crystal orientation and symmetry can be grown by colloidal epitaxy [2]. And 2) how colloidal crystallization can be manipulated by electric fields; both in symmetry, size and orientation of the crystals [3].
1) A. van Blaaderen, MRS Bulletin, 23, 39 (1998)
2) A. van Blaaderen, R. Ruel, P. Wiltzius, Nature, 385, 321 (1997)
3) U. Dassanayake, S. Fraden, A. van Blaaderen, J. Chem. Phys., 112, 3851 (2000)